home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- January 1991
-
- NCIC TRAINING: HIT OR MISS
-
- By
-
- Don M. Johnson
- Special Agent
- FBI Headquarters, Washington, DC
-
-
- Today, the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
- continues to be the best example of law enforcement cooperation.
- Information on wanted persons, stolen guns, stolen articles and
- securities, unidentified bodies, and computerized criminal
- history information is available to virtually every police
- agency in the United States. However, without proper training
- on the use of NCIC and State computer systems, law enforcement
- agencies could lose their tactical edge and may no longer be
- able to ensure that their employees perform their duties as
- efficiently and accurately as possible.
-
- NCIC IN BRIEF
-
- Management of NCIC is shared between the FBI and the
- Advisory Policy Board (APB). The APB consists of 20 elected
- State representatives, 6 individuals appointed by the Director
- of the FBI, and 4 representatives of national law enforcement
- organizations, including the International Association of Chiefs
- of Police, the National Sheriff's Association, the National
- District Attorneys Conference, and the National Probation and
- Parole Association. Together they set policy and procedure for
- NCIC's 59,000 users.
-
- LAW ENFORCEMENT AND NCIC TRAINING
-
- Law enforcement training in the 1960s saw an explosion of
- minimum standards for police officers nationwide. From then on,
- officers were required to be trained and certified prior to
- active duty. This training included such topics as legal
- issues, firearms, mechanics of arrest, report writing, first
- aid, and defensive driving. These minimum standards for police
- have greatly increased the quality of law enforcement in the
- United States today.
-
- Prior to 1984, the responsibility for training NCIC and
- State terminal operators was left to the discretion of the
- various State criminal information system managers. These
- managers decided the amount and type of training given to
- terminal operators. As a result, the APB noted marked
- differences in the types and quality of NCIC/State system
- training that terminal operators were receiving.
-
- The APB also recognized that many States limited their
- training to terminal operators, and as a result, the training
- was very technical in nature. However, by limiting training to
- terminal operators, many states neglected the training needs of
- officers, investigators, and administrators, especially in the
- areas of data quality and user compliance with policy issues.
- For these reasons, the APB mandated that by December 31, 1986,
- all 50 states were to have NCIC training programs in place for
- the following four separate personnel levels: (1)
-
- * Terminal Operators--Must be trained and tested within
- 6 months of employment or assignment. Their proficiency
- must also be retested biennially.
-
- * Criminal Justice Practitioners--The daily users of the
- NCIC/State systems are required to receive entry level
- and inservice training. They must be taught what
- signifies a "hit," the levels of probable cause needed
- for arrest, the need for hit confirmation, the
- idiosyncrasies of soundexing, and the availability and
- searchability of various fields within a record.
-
- * Criminal Justice Agency Records Personnel--Individuals
- who control the records management systems in every law
- enforcement agency are required to be completely
- familiar with all NCIC/State systems policy and
- procedure matters.
-
- * Criminal Justice Administrators and Upper-level
- Managers--Must have a thorough knowledge of NCIC
- regulations, including training, audits, sanctions, and
- the related civil liability issues to guide them in
- protecting their agencies from law suits.
-
- Since NCIC's beginning in 1967, one law enforcement agency
- in every State has assumed the responsibility for managing that
- State's computer system and its relationship with NCIC. This
- agency is known as the Control Terminal Agency (CTA). Each CTA
- has also designated one individual within that agency to assume
- the responsibility for complying with NCIC policy and procedure
- issues. This individual is known as the Control Terminal
- Officer (CTO). The CTO in each CTA has training programs
- available for all law enforcement agencies within that State.
-
- The NCIC training policy was made intentionally broad to
- allow the CTAs to employ a wide variety of methods. Under this
- policy, each CTA has the flexibility to create its own training
- program using available resources. Since the policy and
- procedures mandated by NCIC and the APB apply to all 50 States,
- as well as Federal users, each State has incorporated national
- policy issues into its training programs. As a result, the
- quality of the data in computerized systems and compliance with
- national and State policy issues has become a priority in State
- training programs.
-
- Even though training in one State may be handled
- regionally, another State may centralize its training program.
- Yet, no matter how a State trains its personnel, all must teach
- nationwide policy and procedural issues mandated by the APB.
- This provides assurance to the criminal justice community that
- terminal operators, police officers, record managers, and
- administrators across the country receive adequate and uniform
- training on such important issues as hit confirmation,
- validation, and the necessity for entering information into NCIC
- and the State systems in a timely and accurate manner.
-
- IMPORTANCE OF ADEQUATE TRAINING
-
- Complete and proper use of NCIC/State computer systems can
- save the lives of police officers, fugitives, and innocent
- citizens. Tragically, in one recent case, a terminal operator
- failed to enter a stolen vehicle into NCIC in a timely fashion.
- Instead, the operator waited for additional information before
- making the vehicle entry. A police officer on routine patrol
- stopped a car that fit the description of a stolen vehicle,
- queried NCIC, and received a negative response. When the
- officer approached the vehicle, the car thief killed the
- officer. This tragedy could have been prevented if the
- operator were trained as to the minimum criteria for entering
- stolen vehicle records into NCIC. Unfortunately, many similar
- examples exist as a result of improper use or inadequate
- training of NCIC and State computer systems.
-
- Use of available NCIC and State systems will also generate
- investigative leads for law enforcement agencies. Through
- training, officers have become more aware of the Interstate
- Identification Index, State data bases, public domain data
- bases, and the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications
- System (NLETS). For example, when an officer obtains an arrest
- warrant, the Interstate Identification Index is queried. When
- positive identification is made, the Index will produce aliases,
- fingerprint classifications, places of birth, Social Security
- numbers, and a multitude of other descriptive information that
- will aid the department in its search for the fugitive.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- Just as terminal opeators' adrenaline rises when an NCIC
- "hit" appears on the monitor, police administrators' adrenaline
- should also rise if they have not provided their employees
- with the best available training in NCIC and State computerized
- system use. But, by using the State NCIC training programs
- available through each State's Control Terminal Agency, police
- administrators can be assured that their employees enter
- accurate and complete information into NCIC, know how to
- interpret the information accurately in the system, validate
- active records, and promptly remove old records from the system.
- While doctors can change a prescription and lawyers can
- cross-examine witnesses, the law enforcement employee must often
- make swift decisions based on the instantaneous results of NCIC
- and State system inquiries. All law enforcement agencies must,
- therefore, ensure that law enforcement employees are able to use
- the NCIC and State systems. For someone, there may not be a
- second chance.
-
-
- FOOTNOTE
-
- (1) U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of
- Investigation, "Minutes National Crime Information Center
- Advisory Board," October 17-18, 1984, pp 311-312.
-